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This work explains how different theories of causation confront causal overdetermination. Chapters clarify the problem of overdetermination and explore its fundamental aspects. It is argued that a theory of causation can account for our intuitions in overdetermination cases only by accepting that the adequacy of our claims about causation depends on the context in which they are evaluated.The author proposes arguments for causal contextualism and provides insight which is valuable for resolution of the problem. These chapters enable readers to quickly absorb different perspectives on overdetermination and important theories of causation, therefore it is a work that will have a broad appeal. .
Philosophy. --- Philosophy, general. --- Causation. --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Philosophy (General). --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities
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First published in 1982, Ellery Eells' original work on rational decision making had extensive implications for probability theorists, economists, statisticians and psychologists concerned with decision making and the employment of Bayesian principles. His analysis of the philosophical and psychological significance of Bayesian decision theories, causal decision theories and Newcomb's paradox continues to be influential in philosophy of science. His book is now revived for a new generation of readers and presented in a fresh twenty-first-century series livery, including a specially commissioned preface written by Brian Skyrms, illuminating its continuing importance and relevance to philosophical enquiry.
Bayesian statistical decision theory. --- Utility theory. --- Causation. --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Value --- Revealed preference theory --- Bayes' solution --- Bayesian analysis --- Statistical decision
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How does mind fit into nature? Philosophy has long been concerned with this question. No contemporary philosopher has done more to clarify it than Jaegwon Kim, a distinguished analytic philosopher specializing in metaphysics and philosophy of mind. With new contributions from an outstanding line-up of eminent scholars, this volume focuses on issues raised in Kim's work. The chapters cluster around two themes: first, exclusion, supervenience, and reduction, with attention to the causal exclusion argument for which Kim is widely celebrated; and second, phenomenal consciousness and qualia, with attention to the prospects for a functionalist account of the mental. This volume is sure to become a major focus of attention and research in the disciplines of metaphysics and philosophy of mind.
Philosophical anthropology --- Metaphysics --- Qualia --- Kim, Jaegwon, --- Philosophy of mind --- Causation --- Kim, Jaegwon, - 1934 --- -Metaphysics --- -Philosophy of mind. --- Qualia. --- Causation. --- Philosophy of mind. --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Mind, Philosophy of --- Mind, Theory of --- Theory of mind --- Cognitive science --- -Philosophy of mind
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A new approach for defining causality and such related notions as degree of responsibility, degrees of blame, and causal explanation.
Functional analysis --- Probabilities --- Causation --- modellering --- anal --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Combinations --- Mathematics --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk --- Functional calculus --- Calculus of variations --- Functional equations --- Integral equations --- (zie ook: modelvorming) --- Mathematical logic --- Philosophy of science --- Mathematical analysis --- Causation. --- Probabilities. --- Functional analysis. --- PHILOSOPHY/General --- COMPUTER SCIENCE/Artificial Intelligence
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A major goal for compatibilists is to avoid the luck problem and to include all the facts from neuroscience and natural science in general which purportedly show that the brain works in a law-governed and causal way like any other part of nature. Libertarians, for their part, want to avoid the manipulation argument and demonstrate that very common and deep seated convictions about freedom and responsibility are true: it can really be fundamentally up to us as agents to determine that the future should be either A or B. This book presents a theory of free will which integrates the main motivations of compatibilists and libertarians, while at the same time avoiding their problems. The so-called event-causal libertarianism is the libertarian account closest to compatibilitsm, as it claims there is indeterminism in the mind of an agent. The charge of compatibilists, however, is that this position is impaired by the problem of luck. This book is unique in arguing that free will in a strong sense of the term does not require indeterminism in the brain, only indeterminism somewhere in the world which there plausibly is.
Free will and determinism. --- Causation. --- Self (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Compatibilism --- Determinism and free will --- Determinism and indeterminism --- Free agency --- Freedom and determinism --- Freedom of the will --- Indeterminism --- Liberty of the will --- Determinism (Philosophy) --- Compatibilism. --- free will. --- incompatibilism. --- indeterminism.
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This text offers a novel contribution to criminological theory by introducing the complex issues relating to the structuring and analysing of causation. Warr traces the paradigm shift, or drift, that has occurred in the history of criminology and shows how the problem of causation has been a leading factor in these theoretical developments. This is an introductory text which presents both seasoned criminologists as well as students with the interesting intersections between the fields of criminology and the philosophy of the social sciences. The problem of causation is notoriously difficult and has plagued philosophers and scientists for centuries. Warr highlights the importance of grappling with this problem and demonstrates how it can lead to unsuccessful theorising. This accessible account will be a must-read for scholars of criminal justice, penology and philosophy of social science. Jason Warr is a Lecturer in Criminology at the University of Lincoln, UK, with interests in penology, sociology of power and the philosophy of science. He holds an HEA teaching fellowship and teaches across criminology, penology and research methods.
Philosophy --- Social sciences (general) --- Sociology of law --- Sociology --- Criminology. Victimology --- Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- psychosociale wetenschappen --- sociologie --- strafrecht --- maatschappij --- sociale filosofie --- criminologie --- criminaliteit --- Criminology. --- Causation. --- Crime --- Critical criminology. --- Philosophy and social sciences. --- Social sciences --- Criminals --- Radical criminology --- Criminology --- Social sciences and philosophy --- Sociological aspects. --- Study and teaching --- Criminal sociology --- Sociology of crime --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Sociological aspects
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This discussion of causal uncertainty in tort liability adopts a comparative approach in order to highlight the important normative, epistemological and procedural implications of the various proposed solutions. Occupying a middle ground between the legal perspective and the philosophical views that are at stake when it comes to the resolution of tort law cases in a context of causal uncertainty, the arguments will be of great interest to legal scholars, legal philosophers and advanced tort law students.
Proximate cause (Law) --- Causation (Criminal law) --- Liability (Law) --- Causation. --- Torts. --- Damages. --- Damages --- Injuries (Law) --- Measure of damages --- Accident law --- Compensation (Law) --- Obligations (Law) --- Personal injuries --- Set-off and counterclaim --- Torts --- Negligence --- Civil wrongs --- Delicts --- Quasi delicts --- Wrongful acts --- Actions and defenses --- Reasonable care (Law) --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Accountability --- Legal responsibility --- Responsibility, Legal --- Responsibility (Law) --- Civil law --- Contracts --- Causa (Criminal law) --- Causality (Criminal law) --- Criminal law --- Criminal liability --- Cause, Proximate --- Causation --- Law and legislation --- Royaume-Uni --- Etats-Unis --- Espagne --- France --- Autriche --- Droit médical
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